{"id":7538,"date":"2024-08-27T14:14:25","date_gmt":"2024-08-27T14:14:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/okenyoomwansaadvocates.co.ke\/?p=7538"},"modified":"2024-08-28T05:18:30","modified_gmt":"2024-08-28T05:18:30","slug":"an-examination-of-ogentoto-v-ogentoto-balancing-equality-and-fairness-in-the-distribution-of-matrimonial-property","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/okenyoomwansaadvocates.co.ke\/index.php\/2024\/08\/27\/an-examination-of-ogentoto-v-ogentoto-balancing-equality-and-fairness-in-the-distribution-of-matrimonial-property\/","title":{"rendered":"An examination of Ogentoto v Ogentoto: Balancing Equality and Fairness in the distribution of Matrimonial Property"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Supreme Court of Kenya&#8217;s judgment in the case of Joseph Ombogi Ogentoto v Martha Bosibori Ogentoto (SCORK PET 11 of 2020) in 2023 sparked important discussions around equality and fairness in the division of matrimonial property upon divorce. The Appellant and Respondent, had entered into a customary marriage under Abagusii law that was later formalized under the repealed Marriage Act Cap 150. They had two children together and acquired several assets during their marriage, including a matrimonial home at Tassia Estate, Embakasi, where they constructed rental units. The Respondent claimed that she had taken a loan of Kshs. 200,000 to contribute towards the construction of the rental units, but the Appellant denied this. In 2008, the marriage broke down and was formally dissolved. This led the Respondent to initiate proceedings at the High Court for the division of matrimonial property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"452\" src=\"https:\/\/okenyoomwansaadvocates.co.ke\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/images-66.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7539\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okenyoomwansaadvocates.co.ke\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/images-66.jpeg 678w, https:\/\/okenyoomwansaadvocates.co.ke\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/images-66-300x200.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the High Court, The Respondent brought the case under the Married Women Property Act, 1882, asking the court to declare that the matrimonial home and other assets acquired during the marriage, though registered solely in the Appellant\u2019s name, were actually joint property and should be divided equally. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The court determined that the matrimonial home in Tassia and the rental units were the only joint property since both parties contributed to their construction. Guided the precedent set by the Echaria case, the court found that the Respondent did not sufficiently prove her direct contribution. Despite this, the court acknowledged her indirect non-monetary contributions and awarded her a 30% share of the Tassia plot and a 20% share of the rental units.At the court of Appeal, the Respondent argued that the Judge erred in law by finding that the respondent had not shown any monetary contribution in the acquisition of the matrimonial property, applying outdated principles from the Echaria case, which she believed were superseded by the provisions in Article 45(30) of the Constitution, and the decision to award the Respondent 30% of the matrimonial property and 20% of the rental income was incorrect. The Court of Appeal reviewed the case with reference to Article 45(1) and (3) of the Constitution and the Matrimonial Property Act, despite the case being filed before the Act&#8217;s enactment. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court found that the Respondent, having been in gainful employment and having taken out loans, had a legitimate claim to the matrimonial property, and ruled that the property and rental income should be divided equally, 50:50. Dissatisfied by this decision, the Appellant subsequently appealed to the Supreme Court, arguing that the court of Appeal made a mistake by applying the Matrimonial Properties Act 2013, which had been enacted after the case was filed. He contested the court&#8217;s interpretation that the principle of equality under Article 45 (3) implied an automatic 50-50 division of property, irrespective of each spouse&#8217;s contribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The case presented the Supreme Court with an opportunity to interpret Article 45(3) of the 2010 Constitution, which states that &#8220;parties to a marriage are entitled to equal rights at the time of the marriage, during the marriage and at the dissolution of the marriage&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court sought to answer the question of whether equal rights at the dissolution of marriage and whether Article 45(3) automatically required matrimonial property to be distributed at a 50:50 ratio. Since the case had been filed before the 2013 Matrimonial Property Act took effect, it led to a question about whether the case should be determined under the old 1882 Matrimonial Property Act, which didn\u2019t consider non-monetary contributions, or the newer 2013 Act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court held that while equality is a fundamental right protected under the Constitution and international law, it does not necessarily translate to an automatic 50\/50 split of matrimonial property.  It defined equality as all parties having same rights upon dissolution of a marriage based on their contribution. Further, in deconstructing the equality provision under article 45(3), the Court pronounced itself that equality connotes a &#8216;fair share&#8217; not &#8216;common ownership&#8217; of the matrimonial property.Moreover, while the Court acknowledged that the Matrimonial Property Act (MPA) of 2013 provides a rebuttable presumption that property acquired during marriage and registered in the name of one spouse is held in trust for the other, it however emphasized that this presumption can be rebutted based on the specific circumstances of each case. It also recognized the importance of considering non-monetary contributions, such as domestic work and childcare, in determining the division of matrimonial property. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court acknowledged that equality during and after marriage does not imply a straightforward division of assets into two equal parts. Instead, each matrimonial case is assessed individually, as they each involve unique circumstances. The Court emphasized that equality in marriage under Article 45(3) refers to general fundamental rights and freedoms, rather than a basis for allocating proprietary rights upon dissolution.In conclusion, the Ogentoto v Ogentoto judgment represents an approach to balancing equality and fairness in the division of matrimonial property in Kenya. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court has provided guidance on the interpretation of Article 45(3) of the Constitution, emphasizing that equality does not necessarily translate to an automatic 50\/50 split, but rather requires a case-by-case analysis that considers both monetary and non-monetary contributions. As the implementation of this judgment progresses, it will be essential to observe how the courts manage the relationship between equality, marriage, and transformative constitutionalism in Kenya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The opinion expressed here in is purely that of the author. For further inquiries please contact our office on 0742028500<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Supreme Court of Kenya&#8217;s judgment in the case of Joseph Ombogi Ogentoto v Martha Bosibori Ogentoto (SCORK PET 11 of 2020) in 2023 sparked important discussions around equality and fairness in the division of matrimonial property upon divorce. The Appellant and Respondent, had entered into a customary marriage under Abagusii law that was later [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7539,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3],"tags":[106,105,104],"class_list":["post-7538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-masonry","tag-equity-fairness","tag-matrimonial-property","tag-ogentoto-vs-ongetoto"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>An examination of Ogentoto v Ogentoto: Balancing Equality and Fairness in the distribution of Matrimonial Property - Okenyo Omwansa &amp; Co. 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